Common Drugs with Effective Off-Label Uses

The term off-label drug use (OLDU) is utilized broadly in the medical literature. It is a polarizing term since it may be related to incredible advantage or harm to patients. OLDU is defined as drug uses that not included in the indications or dosage regimens listed in the drug labeling. The main issue with off-label use is that there is insufficient information supportsthe use ofthe drug so this review aims to give brief information about some common drugs with effective and useful off-label uses based on scientific study and to encourage the researcher toprovidesufficientinformation for the physician and health care providersaboutoff-label uses to decrease the risk of harm to the patients. There are many drugs with various off-label uses that play an important role clinically such as using atorvastatin in chronic heart failure (CHF) due to its pleiotropic action also it can show a significant reduction in the frequency of hospitalization due to CHF exacerbation. However, that make off-label uses an important is several diseases do not have approved drugs, partly because the diseases are rare or conducting clinical trials and marketing the drug for such diseases may not be gainful.

Deprescribing: Barriers, Benefits, and Harms

Polypharmacy, which is the practice of prescribing five or more medicines to the same patient is associated withmany problems like adverse drug reactions and poor adherence to therapy and can be harmful. Recently, the termdeprescribing is used to describe the systematic process of identifying and discontinuing medicines in situationsin which potential or existing harms outweigh potential or existing benefits for the seek of individual patient caregoals and preferences. Many studies assessed the attitude of patients or perceptions of health care practitionerstowards deprescribing, others evaluated barriers or factors affecting deprescribing. Since the practice ofdeprescribing is growing, this study aimed to review the harms, benefits, and barriers of deprescribing. Somestudies reported that patients may be interested in withdrawing one or more of their medicines if advised by theirtreating doctors and at the same time costs and experiencing medication adverse effects may result in awillingness to decrease the number of medications taken. Harms that may occur due to deprescribing can beminimized or even prevented by using a structured and patient-specific deprescribing process with properplanning and careful monitoring during and after medication withdrawal.

Review on Metformin Effect on Male Reproductive System

Male infertility and issues of impaired fecundity have been currently a global problem. Diabetes mellitus caninfluence male fertility either directly or indirectly due to abnormal spermatogenesis, which results in reducedsperm quality. Most reported cases of diabetes are of type 2 DM cases, frequently treated with oral anti-diabeticdrugs. Metformin is considered first-line therapy for the treatment of T2DM. This drug is an oral insulinsensitizing agent that can elevate insulin sensitivity and reduce plasma fasting insulin. The main metabolic actionof metformin target the liver. However, it was indicated that metformin acts on many organs of the body whichinclude the male reproductive system. With the increasing numbers of diabetic individuals among younger people,there is an enhancement in the utilizaton of metformin in individuals of this age group. Therefore, it is critical torecognize the role of metformin in male fertility. In this review, we are presented with the most recent dataaccessible regarding the investigation of the influences of metformin on the male reproductive system. Togetherwith the discussion of these influences, their importance to male fertility is also argued.